1. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za kusankha vavu

A. Tchulani cholinga cha valavu mu zipangizo kapena chipangizo

Dziwani momwe mavavu amagwirira ntchito: chikhalidwe cha sing'anga yoyenera, kuthamanga kwa ntchito, kutentha kwa ntchito, ntchito etc.

B. Sankhani bwino mtundu wa valve

Kusankhidwa koyenera kwa mtundu wa valavu kumatengera luso la mlengi pakupanga zonse ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito.Posankha mtundu wa valavu, wopanga amayenera kudziwa kaye mawonekedwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a valve iliyonse.

C. Tsimikizirani kuti kugwirizana kotsiriza kwa valve

Polumikizana ndi ulusi, kugwirizana kwa flange ndi kugwirizana kwa mapeto a welded, ndipo awiri oyambirira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Mavavu okhala ndi ulusi makamaka mavavu okhala ndi mainchesi osakwana 50mm.Ngati m'mimba mwake ndi waukulu kwambiri, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kukhazikitsa ndi kusindikiza gawo logwirizanitsa.Kuyika ndi kuphatikizika kwa ma valve olumikizidwa ndi flange ndikosavuta, koma ndiakulu komanso okwera mtengo kuposa mavavu opangidwa ndi ulusi, chifukwa chake ndi oyenera kulumikizana ndi mapaipi amitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso zovuta.kugwirizana welded ndi ntchito mmene katundu kudula, amene ali odalirika kuposa flange kugwirizana.Komabe, ndizovuta kusokoneza ndikuyikanso valavu yowotcherera, kotero kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumangokhala nthawi zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatha kugwira ntchito modalirika kwa nthawi yaitali, kapena kumene ntchito zautumiki zimalembedwa ndipo kutentha kumakhala kokwera.

D. Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu za valve

Sankhani zipangizo za chipolopolo, zamkati ndi kusindikiza pamwamba pa valve.Kuwonjezera pa kulingalira zakuthupi (kutentha, kupanikizika) ndi mankhwala (corrosivity) ya sing'anga yogwira ntchito, ukhondo wa sing'anga (kaya pali tinthu tating'onoting'ono) udzakhalanso wodziwa bwino.Kuphatikiza apo, onetsani zofunikira za boma ndi dipatimenti yogwiritsa ntchito.Kusankhidwa koyenera komanso koyenera kwa zida za valve kumatha kupeza moyo wabwino kwambiri wautumiki komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri a valve.Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu zamtundu wa ma valve ndi chitsulo cha nodular - carbon steel - chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndipo ndondomeko yosankhidwa ya mphete yosindikiza ndi mphira - Copper - alloy steel - F4.

2, Chiyambi cha mavavu wamba

A. Vavu yagulugufe

Vavu ya butterfly ndi yakuti mbale ya gulugufe imazungulira madigiri 90 kuzungulira shaft yokhazikika mu thupi la valve kuti amalize kutsegula ndi kutseka ntchito.Valve ya butterfly ili ndi ubwino wa voliyumu yaying'ono, kulemera kwake komanso kapangidwe kosavuta.Amangopangidwa ndi zigawo zochepa.

Ndipo kokha atembenuza 90 °;Ikhoza kutsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa mwamsanga ndipo ntchitoyo ndi yosavuta.Pamene valavu ya gulugufe ili pa malo otseguka, makulidwe a gulugufe mbale ndi kukana kokha pamene sing'anga ikuyenda mu valavu thupi.Chifukwa chake, kutsika kwapakati komwe kumapangidwa kudzera mu valavu kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, kotero kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino owongolera.Vavu yagulugufe imagawidwa kukhala zotanuka zofewa chisindikizo ndi chitsulo cholimba chisindikizo.Kwa valavu yosindikizira zotanuka, mphete yosindikizira imatha kuyikidwa pa valavu kapena kumangirizidwa kuzungulira mbale ya gulugufe, ndikusindikiza bwino.Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito osati kungogwedeza, komanso mapaipi apakati a vacuum ndi sing'anga zowononga.Vavu yokhala ndi chisindikizo chachitsulo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi moyo wautali wautumiki kuposa wokhala ndi chisindikizo chotanuka, koma ndizovuta kusindikiza kwathunthu.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zomwe zimakhala ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa kayendedwe kake ndi kutsika kwamphamvu komanso kuchita bwino kwa throttling.Chisindikizo chachitsulo chimatha kutengera kutentha kwapamwamba kogwira ntchito, pomwe zotanuka chisindikizo chimakhala ndi chilema chochepa chifukwa cha kutentha.

B. Chipata cha valve

Vavu yachipata imatanthawuza valavu yomwe thupi lake lotsegula ndi lotseka (mbale ya valve) imayendetsedwa ndi tsinde la valve ndikuyenda mmwamba ndi pansi pambali yosindikizira ya mpando wa valve, yomwe imatha kulumikiza kapena kudula njira yamadzimadzi.Vavu yachipata imakhala ndi ntchito yabwino yosindikizira kuposa valve yoyimitsa, kukana kwamadzimadzi pang'ono, kutsegulira ndi kutseka kopulumutsa, ndipo imakhala ndi machitidwe ena.Ndi imodzi mwama block valves omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Choyipa ndichakuti kukula kwake ndi kwakukulu, kapangidwe kake ndi kovutirapo kuposa valavu yoyimitsa, malo osindikizira ndi osavuta kuvala komanso ovuta kuwasamalira, ndipo nthawi zambiri siwoyenera kugwedezeka.Malinga ndi malo a ulusi pa tsinde la valavu, valavu ya chipata ikhoza kugawidwa mu mtundu wa ndodo yowonekera ndi mtundu wobisika wa ndodo.Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a nkhosa yamphongo, imatha kugawidwa mumtundu wa wedge ndi mtundu wofananira.

C. Chongani valavu

Valve yowunika ndi valavu yomwe imatha kulepheretsa kutuluka kwamadzimadzi.Disiki ya valve ya valve yotsegula imatsegulidwa pansi pa mphamvu yamadzimadzi, ndipo madzi amadzimadzi amayenda kuchokera kumbali yolowera kupita ku mbali yotulukira.Pamene kupanikizika kumbali yolowera kumakhala kotsika kusiyana ndi komwe kumatuluka, diski ya valve imatseka yokha pansi pa kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa madzi, mphamvu yake yokoka ndi zina zomwe zimalepheretsa kutuluka kwa madzi.Malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake, amagawidwa kukhala valavu yokweza ndi swing check valve.Mtundu wokweza umakhala ndi ntchito yabwino yosindikiza komanso kukana kwamadzimadzi kwakukulu kuposa mtundu wa swing.Kuti mulowetse chitoliro chokokera pampu, valavu yapansi iyenera kusankhidwa.Ntchito yake ndikudzaza chitoliro cholowera cha mpope ndi madzi musanayambe kupopera;Mukayimitsa mpope, sungani chitoliro cholowera ndikupopa thupi lodzaza ndi madzi kuti muyambitsenso.Vavu yapansi nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pa chitoliro choyimirira pa polowera, ndipo sing'angayo imayenda kuchokera pansi kupita pamwamba.

D. Vavu ya mpira

Mbali yotsegula ndi yotseka ya valve ya mpira ndi mpira wokhala ndi zozungulira kupyolera mu dzenje.Mpira umazungulira ndi tsinde la valve kuti mutsegule ndi kutseka valavu.Valve ya mpira ili ndi ubwino wa dongosolo losavuta, kusinthasintha mofulumira, ntchito yabwino, voliyumu yaying'ono, kulemera kochepa, magawo ochepa, kukana kwamadzimadzi pang'ono, kusindikiza bwino komanso kukonza bwino.

E Globe valve

Valavu yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi valavu yotsekedwa pansi, ndipo gawo lotsegula ndi lotseka (disk ya valve) imayendetsedwa ndi tsinde la valve kuti lisunthire mmwamba ndi pansi pamphepete mwa mpando wa valve (kusindikiza pamwamba).Poyerekeza ndi valavu yachipata, imakhala ndi machitidwe abwino, osasindikiza bwino, mawonekedwe osavuta, kupanga ndi kukonza bwino, kukana kwamadzimadzi kwakukulu ndi mtengo wotsika.Ndi valavu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapaipi apakatikati ndi ang'onoang'ono.