1. Tārere kuaha: Ko te tārere kuaha e pā ana ki tētahi tārere e neke ana tōna wāhanga kati (tēti) i te taha poutū o te tuaka o te awa. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia hei tapahi i te reo i roto i te paipa, arā, he tuwhera katoa, he kati katoa rānei. I te nuinga o te wā, kāore e taea te whakamahi i te tārere kuaha hei whakarerekētanga rere. Ka taea te whakamahi ki te pāmahana me te pēhanga iti me te pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei, ā, ka taea te hanga i runga i ngā rauemi rerekē o te tārere. Engari ko ngā tārere kuaha kāore i te whakamahia i roto i ngā paipa e kawe ana i te paru me ētahi atu pāpāho.
ngā painga:
①He iti te ātete wai;
②He iti te taipana e hiahiatia ana mō te whakatuwheratanga me te katinga;
③Ka taea te whakamahi i runga i te paipa whatunga mowhiti e rere ana te reo i ngā taha e rua, arā, kāore e herea te ahunga rere o te reo;
④Ina tuwhera katoa, he iti ake te horo o te mata hiri e te reo mahi i tērā o te takirere aukati;
⑤He tino māmā te hanganga o te tinana, ā, he pai ake te tukanga hanga;
⑥He poto noa te roa o te hanganga.
Ngā ngoikoretanga:
①He nui ngā inenga whānui me te teitei o te whakatuwheratanga, ā, he nui hoki te wāhi tāutanga e hiahiatia ana;
②I te wā e whakatuwhera ana, e katia ana te mata hiri, ka mirimirihia e te tangata, ā, he nui te pakū, ahakoa te pāmahana teitei, he ngāwari te pakū;
③Ko te tikanga, e rua ngā mata hiri o ngā takirere kuaha, e uaua ai te tukatuka, te huri me te tiaki;
④He roa te wā whakatuwheratanga me te wā kati.
2. Takirere pūrerehua: Ko te takirere pūrerehua he takirere e whakamahi ana i te wāhanga whakatuwhera me te kati momo kōpae hei hurihanga i te 90° hei whakatuwhera, hei kati me te whakarite i te awa wai.
ngā painga:
①He hanganga māmā, he rahi iti, he mama te taumaha, he penapena i ngā mea pau, kaua e whakamahia ki ngā takirere whānui;
②He tere te whakatuwheratanga me te katinga, he iti te ātete ki te rere;
③Ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā pāpāho me ngā matūriki totoka iri, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi mō ngā pāpāho paura me ngā mea kirikiri i runga i te kaha o te mata hiri. Ka taea te whakamahi ki te whakatuwhera me te kati me te whakatikatika i ngā paipa hauhautanga me te tango puehu e rua ngā ara, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahi i roto i ngā paipa hau me ngā awa wai i roto i te mahi whakarewa, te ahumahi māmā, te hiko, me ngā pūnaha hinu matū.
Ngā ngoikoretanga:
①Kāore i te nui te whānuitanga o te whakarerekētanga rere, ina tae te whakatuwheratanga ki te 30%, ka neke atu i te 95% te rere e tomo ana;
②Nā te iti o te hanganga o te takirere pūrerehua me te rauemi hiri, kāore e pai mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā pūnaha paipa pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei. Ko te pāmahana mahi whānui kei raro iho i te 300℃ me raro iho i te PN40;
③He kino ake te mahi hiri i ngā takirere pōro me ngā takirere porowhita, nō reira ka whakamahia ki ngā wāhi kāore i te tino teitei ngā whakaritenga hiri.
3. Takirere pōro: i ahu mai i te takirere mono, ko tōna wāhanga whakatuwhera me te kati he porowhita, e whakamahi ana i te porowhita hei hurihuri 90° huri noa i te tuaka o te kakau takirere hei whakatutuki i te kaupapa whakatuwhera me te kati. Ko te takirere pōro te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana mō te tapahi, te tohatoha me te whakarerekē i te ahunga rere o te reo i roto i te paipa. Ko te takirere pōro i hangaia hei whakatuwheratanga āhua-V he pai hoki te mahi whakatikatika rere.
ngā painga:
①ko te ātete rere iti rawa (ko te 0 tonu);
②Nā te mea e kore e mau i te wā e mahi ana (ina kore he hinu whakahinuhinu), ka taea te whakamahi pono i roto i ngā mea waikura me ngā wai e koropupū ana;
③I roto i te awhe pēhanga me te pāmahana nui ake, ka taea e ia te hiri katoa;
④Ka taea te whakatuwhera me te kati tere, ā, ko te wā whakatuwhera me te kati o ētahi hanganga he 0.05 ~ 0.1 hēkona noa iho hei whakarite kia taea te whakamahi i roto i te pūnaha aunoa o te pae whakamātautau. Ina whakatuwhera me te kati tere te takirere, kāore he pānga o te mahi;
⑤Ka taea te whakanoho aunoa i te wahi kati porowhita ki te tūranga rohe;
⑥He pono te hiri o te rauemi mahi i ngā taha e rua;
⑦Ina tuwhera katoatia, ka kati katoatia, ka wehea te mata hiri o te pōro me te nohoanga takirere mai i te reo, kia kore ai e memeha te mata hiri ina tere te rere o te reo i roto i te takirere;
⑧ hanganga kiato me te taumaha mama, ka taea te whakaaro koinei te hanganga takirere tino whaitake mō te pūnaha reo cryogenic;
⑨He ōrite te tinana takirere, inā koa te hanganga tinana takirere kua whakarewaina, ka taea te tu atu i te taumahatanga mai i te paipa;
⑩Ka taea e te wāhanga kati te tu atu i te rerekētanga pēhanga teitei i te wā e kati ana. ⑾Ka taea te tanu tika i te takirere pōro me te tinana kua oti te whakapiri ki te whenua, kia kore ai e waikura ngā wāhanga o roto o te takirere, ā, ka taea e te roanga mahi mōrahi te eke ki te 30 tau. Koinei te takirere tino pai mō ngā paipa hinu me te hau māori.
Ngā ngoikoretanga:
①Nā te mea ko te rauemi matua o te mowhiti hiri nohoanga o te takirere pōro he polytetrafluoroethylene, he ngoikore ki te nuinga o ngā matū, ā, he iti te tauwehenga waku, he pumau te mahi, he ngāwari ki te tawhito, he whānui te whānuitanga tono pāmahana me te mahi hiri pai rawa atu. Ko ngā āhuatanga whānui. Heoi, ko ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te PTFE, tae atu ki te tauwehenga whānui teitei, te aro ki te rere makariri me te kawe wera ngoikore, me arotahi te hoahoa o ngā hiri nohoanga takirere ki ēnei āhuatanga. Nō reira, ina pakeke te rauemi hiri, ka ngoikore te pono o te hiri. Heoi anō, he iti te ātete pāmahana o te PTFE, ā, ka taea anake te whakamahi i raro i te 180°C. I runga ake i tēnei pāmahana, ka pirau te rauemi hiri. Ina whakaarohia te whakamahinga roa, ko te tikanga ka whakamahia i te 120°C anake.
②He kino ake tana mahi whakahaere i tērā o ngā takirere porowhita, inā koa ngā takirere hau (ngā takirere hiko rānei).
4. Reera tapahi: e pā ana ki tētahi reera e neke ana tōna wāhanga kati (kōpae) i te rārangi pokapū o te nohoanga reera. E ai ki tēnei nekehanga o te kōpae reera, ko te huringa o te putanga nohoanga reera he rite ki te whiu kōpae reera. Nā te mea he poto te whiu whakatuwheratanga, te whiu kati rānei o te kakau reera o tēnei momo reera, ā, he tino pono te mahi tapahi, ā, nā te mea he rite tonu te huringa o te putanga nohoanga reera ki te whiu o te kōpae reera, he tino pai mō te whakatikatika rere. Nō reira, he tino pai tēnei momo reera mō te tapahi, te whakahaere me te whakawhāiti.
ngā painga:
①I te wā e whakatuwheratia ana, e kati ana hoki, he iti ake te waku i waenga i te kōpae me te mata hiri o te tinana takirere i tō te takirere kuaha, nō reira he ātete ki te kakahu.
②Ko te teitei o te whakatuwheratanga he 1/4 noa iho o te ara nohoanga takirere, nō reira he iti ake i te takirere kuaha;
③Kotahi noa te mata hiri i runga i te tinana takirere me te kōpae, nō reira he pai te tukanga hanga me te ngāwari ki te tiaki;
④Nā te mea he ranunga asbestos me te graphite te whakakī, he teitei ake te ātete pāmahana. Ko te tikanga, ka whakamahia e ngā takirere mamaoa ngā takirere aukati.
Ngā ngoikoretanga:
①I te mea kua rerekē te ahunga rere o te reo i roto i te takirere, he teitei ake te ātete rere iti rawa o te takirere aukati i tērā o te nuinga o ngā momo takirere kē atu;
②Nā te roa o te whiu, he puhoi ake te tere whakatuwheratanga i tō te takirere pōro.
5. Takirere mono: e pā ana ki tētahi takirere hurihuri me te wāhanga kati āhua-pūwero. Ko te putanga ara i runga i te mono takirere ka honoa, ka wehea rānei i te putanga ara i runga i te tinana takirere mā te hurihanga 90° kia taea ai te whakatuwhera, te kati rānei. Ka taea te porotaka, te kōniko rānei te āhua o te mono takirere. He rite tonu te kaupapa ki te takirere pōro. Ka hangaia te takirere pōro i runga i te pūtake o te takirere mono. Ko te nuinga o te whakamahinga mō te whakamahi i ngā mara hinu, engari mō te ahumahi hinu matū hoki.
6. Takirere haumaru: e pā ana ki te oko pēhanga, taputapu, paipa rānei, hei taputapu tiaki pēhanga nui rawa. Ina piki te pēhanga i roto i te taputapu, ipu, paipa rānei ki runga ake i te uara e whakaaetia ana, ka tuwhera aunoa te takirere, kātahi ka tukuna te nui katoa hei ārai i te pikinga tonu o te pēhanga o te taputapu, te ipu, te paipa rānei; ina heke te pēhanga ki te uara kua tohua, me kati aunoa te takirere i te wā tika hei tiaki i te mahi haumaru o ngā taputapu, ngā ipu, ngā paipa rānei.
7. Mahanga mamaoa: Ka hangaia he wai mātotoru i roto i te reo kawe mamaoa, te hau kōpeke, me ētahi atu. Hei whakarite i te whai huatanga o te mahi me te haumaru o te mahi a te taputapu, me tuku atu ēnei reo koretake, kino hoki i te wā tika kia pai ai te whakamahinga me te whakapaunga o te taputapu. Ko āna mahi e whai ake nei: ①Ka taea te tango wawe i te wai mātotoru i puta; ②Ārai i te turuturu o te mamaoa; ③Whakakorea te hau me ētahi atu hau kāore e taea te mātotoru.
8. Takirere whakaiti pēhanga: He takirere e whakaiti ana i te pēhanga tomo ki tētahi pēhanga putanga e hiahiatia ana mā te whakarerekētanga, ā, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kaha o te reo tonu hei pupuri aunoa i te pēhanga putanga pumau.
9, takirere tirotiro: e mōhiotia ana ko te takirere whakamuri, te takirere tirotiro, te takirere pēhanga whakamuri me te takirere kotahi-ara. Ka whakatuwheratia, ka kati aunoatia ēnei takirere e te kaha i puta mai i te rere o te reo i roto i te paipa, ā, nō te takirere aunoa. Ka whakamahia te takirere tirotiro i roto i te pūnaha paipa, ā, ko tana mahi matua he ārai i te rere whakamuri o te reo, te ārai i te papu me te motuka taraiwa mai i te whakahuri, me te tuku i te reo ipu. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā takirere tirotiro hei tuku i ngā paipa mō ngā pūnaha āwhina ka piki ake te pēhanga i runga ake i te pēhanga pūnaha. Ka taea te wehewehe ki te momo piu (hurihuri i te pokapū o te taumaha) me te momo hiki (neke haere i te tuaka).