1. Valve y'irembo: Valve y'irembo ivuga valve ifite igice cyo gufunga (irembo) kigenda mu cyerekezo gihagaze cy'umurongo w'umuyoboro. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu guca icyuma kiri mu muyoboro, ni ukuvuga, gufungura neza cyangwa gufunga neza. Muri rusange, valve y'irembo ntishobora gukoreshwa nk'uburyo bwo guhindura amazi. Ishobora gukoreshwa ku bushyuhe n'umuvuduko muke ndetse n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi, kandi ishobora gushingira ku bikoresho bitandukanye bya valve. Ariko valve y'irembo muri rusange ntikoreshwa mu miyoboro itwara ibyondo n'ibindi bikoresho.
ibyiza:
①Ubudahangarwa bw'amazi ni buke;
②Umuvuduko ukenewe mu gufungura no gufunga ni muto;
③Ishobora gukoreshwa ku muyoboro w'urusobe rw'amazi aho icyuma gitembera mu byerekezo byombi, ni ukuvuga ko icyerekezo cy'icyuma gitemberamo kidakumirwa;
④Iyo ifunguye neza, isuri ry'ubuso bufunga bitewe n'igikoresho gikoreraho riba rito ugereranyije n'iry'agace gahagarika;
⑤Imiterere y'umubiri wayo yoroshye, kandi inzira yo kuyikora ni nziza kurushaho;
⑥Uburebure bw'inyubako ni bugufi ugereranyije.
Ibibi:
①Ingano rusange n'uburebure bw'ifungura ni binini, kandi umwanya ukenewe wo gushyiraho na wo ni munini;
②Mu gihe cyo gufungura no gufunga, ubuso bwo gufunga bukorwaho n'abantu, kandi ubushyuhe ni bunini, ndetse no ku bushyuhe bwinshi, biroroshye gutera ubushyuhe;
③Muri rusange, ama-valve y'irembo afite ubuso bubiri bwo gufunga, ibyo bikaba byongera ingorane mu gutunganya, gusya no kubungabunga;
④Igihe kirekire cyo gufungura no gufunga.
2. Valve y'ikinyugunyugu: Valve y'ikinyugunyugu ni valve ikoresha igice cyo gufungura no gufunga cy'ubwoko bwa disiki kugira ngo isubizeho dogere 90 kugira ngo ifungure, ifunge kandi ihindure umuyoboro w'amazi.
ibyiza:
①Imiterere yoroshye, ingano nto, uburemere bworoheje, igabanya ibikoreshwa, ntikoreshwa mu mavali manini;
②Ifungura n'ifunga vuba, idashobora gutemba neza;
③Ishobora gukoreshwa ku byuma bifite uduce duto tw’icyuma duhagaze, kandi ishobora no gukoreshwa ku byuma bifunga bitewe n’imbaraga z’ubuso bufunga. Ishobora gukoreshwa ku buryo bwo gufungura no gufunga inzira ebyiri no guhindura imiyoboro ihumeka n’iy’umukungugu, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu byuma bisukura gazi no mu mazi mu byuma, mu nganda z’amashanyarazi, mu byuma bitanga urumuri, mu byuma bitanga amashanyarazi, no mu byuma bitanga amashanyarazi.
Ibibi:
①Ingano yo gupima amazi mu mazi ntabwo ari nini, iyo aho amazi afunguye hageze kuri 30%, amazi azinjiramo arenga 95%;
②Bitewe n'imiterere y'agace k'ibinyugunyugu n'ibikoresho byo gufunga, ntabwo bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu miyoboro y'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi. Ubushyuhe rusange bwo gukora buri munsi ya 300℃ no munsi ya PN40;
③Umusaruro wo gufunga ni mubi kurusha uw'ama-valve y'umupira n'ama-valve yo ku isi, bityo ikoreshwa ahantu ibisabwa byo gufunga bitari hejuru cyane.
3. Valve y'umupira: yavuye kuri valve ifunga, igice cyayo cyo gufungura no gufunga ni uruziga, rukoresha uruziga kugira ngo ruzunguruke 90° ku murongo w'inkingi ya valve kugira ngo rugere ku ntego yo gufungura no gufunga. Valve y'umupira ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu guca, gukwirakwiza no guhindura icyerekezo cy'inzira y'amazi mu muyoboro. Valve y'umupira yakozwe nk'umwobo ufite ishusho ya V ifite kandi imikorere myiza yo guhindura amazi.
ibyiza:
① ifite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amazi mu buryo bworoshye (mu by'ukuri 0);
②Kubera ko itazigera ihagarara iyo ikora (iyo nta mavuta arimo), ishobora gukoreshwa neza mu bintu bihumanya ikirere n'ibintu bishyuha cyane;
③Mu gipimo cy'umuvuduko n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ishobora gufunga neza;
④Ishobora gufungura no gufunga byihuse, kandi igihe cyo gufungura no gufunga cy’inyubako zimwe na zimwe ni 0.05 ~ 0.1s gusa kugira ngo ikoreshwe muri sisitemu y’imikorere y’imashini ipima. Iyo ifunguye kandi igafunga valve vuba, ntacyo ikora;
⑤Igice cyo gufunga cy’uruziga gishobora gushyirwa mu buryo bwikora ku mupaka;
⑥Inzira ikoreshwa ifunze neza ku mpande zombi;
⑦Iyo ifunguye neza kandi ifunze neza, ubuso bwo gufunga bw'umupira n'intebe ya valve buba butandukanyijwe n'ubw'icyuma, bityo icyuma kinyura muri valve ku muvuduko mwinshi ntikizatera kwangirika k'ubuso bwo gufunga;
⑧ ifite imiterere mito kandi yoroheje, ishobora gufatwa nk'imiterere y'ingufu nziza cyane kuri sisitemu y'ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi;
⑨Umubiri w'agace ka valve ugizwe n'ibice bingana, cyane cyane imiterere y'umubiri w'agace ka valve, gashobora kwihanganira umuvuduko uturuka ku muyoboro w'amazi;
⑩Igice gifunga gishobora kwihanganira itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko mwinshi mu gihe gifunga. ⑾Valve y'umupira ifite umubiri upfunyitse neza ishobora gutwikirwa mu butaka, kugira ngo ibice by'imbere bya valve bitangirika, kandi igihe ntarengwa cyo kuyikoresha gishobora kugera ku myaka 30. Ni valve nziza cyane ku miyoboro ya peteroli na gaze karemano.
Ibibi:
①Kubera ko impeta y’intebe y’umupira w’umupira ari polytetrafluoroethylene, ntabwo ikora neza ku bintu hafi ya byose bya shimi, kandi ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gukururana, imikorere ihamye, ntiyoroshye gusaza, ubushyuhe bunini bukoreshwa kandi ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukurura. Ibiranga byose. Ariko, imiterere ya PTFE, harimo ubushobozi bwo kwaguka cyane, ubushobozi bwo gutemba ubukonje n’ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara ubushyuhe, bisaba imiterere y’imashini zifunga intebe kugira ngo zibanda kuri ibi bintu. Kubwibyo, iyo ibikoresho bifunga bikomeye, ubwizigirwa bw’imashini buragabanuka. Byongeye kandi, PTFE ifite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ubushyuhe buke kandi ishobora gukoreshwa gusa munsi ya 180°C. Hejuru y’ubu bushyuhe, ibikoresho bifunga bizangirika. Iyo utekereje ku ikoreshwa ry’igihe kirekire, muri rusange izakoreshwa gusa kuri 120°C.
②Imikorere yayo mu kugenzura ni mibi kurusha iya vali z’isi, cyane cyane vali z’umwuka (cyangwa vali z’amashanyarazi).
4. Valve yo gukata: yerekeza kuri valve ifite igice cyo gufunga (disiki) kigenda ku murongo wo hagati w'intebe ya valve. Dukurikije uku kugenda kwa disc ya valve, ihinduka ry'aho intebe ya valve ihurirana n'aho icyuma gifunga disiki ya valve gihagarara. Kubera ko icyuma gifungura cyangwa gifunga igice cy'icyuma cya valve cy'ubu bwoko bwa valve ari kigufi, kandi gifite imikorere yizewe yo gukata, kandi kubera ko ihinduka ry'aho icyuma gifunga rihurirana n'aho icyuma gifunga disiki ya valve gihagarara, birakwiriye cyane mu guhindura amazi. Kubwibyo, ubu bwoko bwa valve burakwiriye cyane mu gukata cyangwa kugenzura no gufunga.
ibyiza:
①Mu gihe cyo gufungura no gufunga, ubushyuhe buri hagati ya disiki n'ubuso bwo gufunga bw'umubiri wa valve buba buto ugereranije n'ubw'irembo, bityo ntibushobora kwangirika.
②Uburebure bw'ifungura muri rusange ni 1/4 cy'inzira y'intebe y'imvange, bityo ikaba nto cyane ugereranyije na value y'irembo;
③Mubisanzwe hari ubuso bumwe gusa bwo gufunga ku mubiri wa valve na disiki, bityo inzira yo gukora ikaba nziza kandi yoroshye kuyibungabunga;
④Kubera ko icyuma gifunga ubusanzwe kiba kivanze na asbestos na grafiti, urwego rwo kwirinda ubushyuhe ruba ruri hejuru. Muri rusange, valves z'umwuka zikoresha valves zo guhagarika.
Ibibi:
①Uko icyerekezo cy'amazi anyura muri vali cyahindutse, imbaraga nke zo guhangana n'amazi ya vali ihagarara nazo ziri hejuru ugereranyije n'izindi vali nyinshi;
②Bitewe n'uburyo bwo gukubita igihe kirekire, umuvuduko wo gufungura ugenda buhoro ugereranije n'uwa valve y'umupira.
5. Valve yo gushyiramo: yerekeza kuri valve izunguruka ifite igice cyo gufunga gifite ishusho nk'iy'agace k'imashini. Agace ko kwinjira kuri valve gahuzwa cyangwa gatandukanye n'agace ko kwinjira ku mubiri wa valve binyuze mu kuzunguruka kwa 90° kugira ngo bifunguke cyangwa bifunge. Imiterere ya valve ishobora kuba uruziga cyangwa isongoye. Ihame muri rusange risa n'iry'agace k'imashini. Valve y'umupira ikorwa hashingiwe kuri valve yo gushyiramo. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gucukura peteroli, ariko kandi no mu nganda za peteroli.
6. Valve y'umutekano: yerekeza ku gikoresho cy'umuvuduko, ibikoresho cyangwa umuyoboro, nk'igikoresho cyo kurinda umuvuduko ukabije. Iyo umuvuduko mu bikoresho, mu gikoresho cyangwa mu muyoboro uzamutse hejuru y'agaciro kemewe, valve ihita yifungura, hanyuma ingano yose irasohoka kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibikoresho, mu gikoresho cyangwa mu muyoboro n'umuvuduko bikomeza kuzamuka; iyo umuvuduko ugabanutse ku gaciro kagenwe, valve igomba guhita ifunga ku gihe kugira ngo irinde imikorere myiza y'ibikoresho, mu gikoresho cyangwa mu miyoboro.
7. Umutego w'umwuka: Amazi amwe afunze azakorwa mu buryo bwo gutwara umwuka, umwuka ufunze, nibindi. Kugira ngo igikoresho gikore neza kandi gikore neza, ibi bikoresho bidafite akamaro kandi byangiza bigomba gusohoka ku gihe kugira ngo igikoresho gikoreshwe kandi gikoreshwe neza. Gifite imirimo ikurikira: ① Gishobora gukuraho amazi afunze vuba; ②Kirinda ko umwuka usohoka; ③Kidakuramo umwuka n'indi myuka idafunze.
8. Valve igabanya umuvuduko: Ni valve igabanya umuvuduko w'amazi yinjira ku muvuduko runaka ukenewe binyuze mu guhindura, kandi ishingiye ku ngufu z'icyuma ubwacyo kugira ngo ikomeze umuvuduko uhoraho w'amazi.
9, valve yo kugenzura: izwi kandi nka valve yo gusubira inyuma, valve yo kugenzura, valve yo gusubiza inyuma n'ivali y'inzira imwe. Izi valve zifungurwa kandi zigafungwa mu buryo bwikora n'imbaraga zikomoka ku ruziga rw'amazi mu muyoboro, kandi zikaba iz'ivali yikora. Valve yo kugenzura ikoreshwa muri sisitemu y'imiyoboro, kandi akazi kayo nyamukuru ni ukubuza uruziga gusubira inyuma, bikabuza pompe na moteri itwara gusubira inyuma, no kurekura icyuma gikoresha container. Valve zo kugenzura zishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gutanga imiyoboro y'ibikoresho by'inyongera bishobora kuzamuka hejuru y'umuvuduko w'amazi. Zishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bwa swing (buzunguruka hagati y'imbaraga rukuruzi) n'ubwoko bwo guterura (bugenda ku murongo).