1. Vavu yachipata: Vavu yachipata imatanthawuza valavu yomwe membala wake wotseka (chipata) amayenda motsatira njira yowongoka ya kanjira.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri podula sing'anga mu payipi, ndiko kuti, kutsegulidwa kwathunthu kapena kutsekedwa kwathunthu.Kawirikawiri, valve yachipata sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira yosinthira.Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa kutentha kochepa ndi kupanikizika komanso kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri, ndipo ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana za valve.Koma ma valve olowera pakhomo nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapaipi omwe amanyamula matope ndi zida zina
ubwino:
①Kukana kwamadzimadzi ndikochepa;
②Makokedwe ofunikira potsegula ndi kutseka ndi ochepa;
③ Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito papaipi yapaintaneti ya mphete pomwe sing'anga imayenda mbali zonse ziwiri, ndiye kuti, njira yolowera sing'angayo siyimatsekeka;
④Pakatsegulidwa kwathunthu, kukokoloka kwa malo osindikizira ndi sing'anga yogwirira ntchito kumakhala kochepa kuposa kwa valve yoyimitsa;
⑤Mapangidwe a thupi ndi osavuta, ndipo kupanga ndi bwino;
⑥Mapangidwe ake ndiafupi.
Zoyipa:
①Miyeso yonse ndi kutalika kotsegulira ndi kwakukulu, ndipo malo oyikapo ofunikira nawonso ndi akulu;
②Mukutsegula ndi kutseka, malo osindikizira amasinthidwa ndi anthu, ndipo abrasion ndi yaikulu, ngakhale kutentha kwakukulu, ndikosavuta kuyambitsa abrasion;
③ Nthawi zambiri, mavavu a pachipata amakhala ndi malo awiri osindikizira, omwe amawonjezera zovuta pakukonza, kugaya ndi kukonza;
④Kutsegula ndi kutseka kwanthawi yayitali.
2. Vavu ya butterfly: Valovu ya gulugufe ndi valavu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito chiwalo chotsegula ndi chotseka chamtundu wa diski kuti ibwezere pafupifupi 90 ° kuti itsegule, kutseka ndi kusintha njira yamadzimadzi.
ubwino:
① Kapangidwe kosavuta, kakulidwe kakang'ono, kulemera kopepuka, zosungirako, osagwiritsa ntchito mavavu akulu akulu;
②Kutsegula ndi kutseka kwachangu, kukana kuyenda kochepa;
③ Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati media yokhala ndi tinthu tating'ono tolimba, ndipo itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati ufa ndi ma media ang'onoang'ono kutengera mphamvu yakusindikiza.Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakutsegula ndi kutseka kwa njira ziwiri ndikuwongolera mpweya wabwino ndi mapaipi ochotsa fumbi, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapaipi a gasi ndi njira zamadzi muzitsulo, mafakitale opepuka, mphamvu yamagetsi, ndi machitidwe a petrochemical.
Zoyipa:
①Mayendedwe osinthika akuyenda siakulu, pomwe kutsegulira kukafika 30%, kutuluka kudzalowa kuposa 95%;
②Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kapangidwe ka gulugufe ndi zida zosindikizira, sizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito potentha kwambiri komanso mapaipi opopera kwambiri.Ambiri ntchito kutentha ndi pansipa 300 ℃ ndi pansi PN40;
③Kusindikiza kwake kumakhala koyipa kwambiri kuposa ma valve a mpira ndi ma valve a globe, kotero amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe zofunikira zosindikizira sizokwera kwambiri.
3. Valve ya mpira: idasinthika kuchokera ku valavu ya pulagi, gawo lake lotsegula ndi lotseka ndilo gawo, lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito chigawocho kuti chizungulire 90 ° kuzungulira tsinde la valve kuti akwaniritse cholinga chotsegula ndi kutseka.Valavu ya mpira imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri podula, kugawa ndikusintha njira yoyendetsera sing'anga mu payipi.Valve ya mpira yopangidwa ngati kutsegulira kwa V imakhalanso ndi ntchito yabwino yosinthira kuyenda.
ubwino:
① ali ndi kukana kotsika kwambiri (kwenikweni 0);
②Chifukwa sichidzakakamira pogwira ntchito (popanda mafuta), itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito modalirika muzofalitsa zowononga ndi zakumwa zotentha pang'ono;
③Pakukakamiza kokulirapo komanso kutentha, imatha kukwaniritsa kusindikiza kwathunthu;
④Itha kuzindikira kutseguka ndi kutseka mwachangu, ndipo nthawi yotsegulira ndi kutseka yazinthu zina ndi 0.05 ~ 0.1s kuti zitsimikizire kuti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina opangira benchi yoyesera.Mukatsegula ndi kutseka valve mwamsanga, ntchitoyi ilibe mphamvu;
⑤Chidutswa chotseka chozungulira chikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pamalire;
⑥Njira yogwirira ntchito imasindikizidwa modalirika mbali zonse;
⑦ Ikatsegulidwa kwathunthu ndi kutsekedwa kwathunthu, malo osindikizira a mpira ndi mpando wa valve amasiyanitsidwa ndi sing'anga, kotero sing'anga yomwe imadutsa mu valve pa liwiro lalikulu sichidzachititsa kukokoloka kwa malo osindikizira;
⑧ mawonekedwe yaying'ono ndi kulemera kopepuka, imatha kuonedwa ngati njira yololera kwambiri ya mavavu a cryogenic medium system;
⑨ Thupi la valavu ndi lofanana, makamaka mawonekedwe a valavu, omwe amatha kupirira kupsinjika kwa payipi bwino;
⑩Chidutswa chotsekera chimatha kupirira kusiyana kwamphamvu kwambiri potseka.⑾Vavu ya mpira yokhala ndi thupi lolumikizidwa mokwanira imatha kukwiriridwa pansi, kuti mbali zamkati za valve zisawonongeke, ndipo moyo wautali wautumiki ukhoza kufika zaka 30.Ndiwo valavu yabwino kwambiri yamapaipi amafuta ndi gasi.
Zoyipa:
① Chifukwa mphete yayikulu yosindikizira ya valve ya mpira ndi polytetrafluoroethylene, imalowa m'thupi pafupifupi pafupifupi zinthu zonse zamadzimadzi, ndipo imakhala ndi kagawo kakang'ono kakukangana, kugwira ntchito kokhazikika, kosavuta kukalamba, kutentha kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri osindikiza.Komabe, mawonekedwe akuthupi a PTFE, kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwachulukidwe kopitilira muyeso, kukhudzidwa kwa kuzizira komanso kusayenda bwino kwamafuta, kumafunikira mapangidwe a zisindikizo zapampando wa ma valve kuti aganizire za izi.Choncho, pamene zinthu zosindikizira zimakhala zovuta, kudalirika kwa chisindikizo kumawonongeka.Kuphatikiza apo, PTFE ili ndi kalasi yotsika yokana kutentha ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pasanathe 180 ° C.Pamwamba pa kutentha uku, zinthu zosindikizira zidzawonongeka.Poganizira kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri imangogwiritsidwa ntchito pa 120 ° C.
②Kuwongolera kwake kumakhala koyipa kuposa mavavu apadziko lonse lapansi, makamaka mavavu a pneumatic (kapena ma valve amagetsi).
4. Valovu yodulira: imatanthawuza valavu yomwe gawo lake lotsekera (disiki) limayenda motsatira mzere wapakati wa mpando wa valve.Malingana ndi kayendetsedwe ka diski ya valve, kusintha kwa doko la mpando wa valve kumakhala kofanana ndi nthiti ya valve.Popeza kutsegula kapena kutseka tsinde la valavu ya mtundu uwu wa valavu ndi yochepa kwambiri, ndipo ili ndi ntchito yodalirika kwambiri yodula, ndipo chifukwa kusintha kwa doko la mpando wa valve kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kugunda kwa diski ya valve. , ndizoyenera kwambiri kusintha koyenda.Choncho, valavu yamtunduwu ndi yoyenera kwambiri kudula kapena kuwongolera ndi kugwedeza.
ubwino:
①Pa nthawi yotsegula ndi kutseka, kukangana pakati pa diski ndi kusindikiza pamwamba pa thupi la valve ndi kakang'ono kusiyana ndi ka valve ya pachipata, kotero ndizovuta kuvala.
②Kutalika kotsegulira nthawi zambiri kumakhala 1/4 yokha yapampando wa valve, kotero ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa valve yachipata;
③Nthawi zambiri pamakhala chosindikizira chimodzi chokha pa valavu ndi diski, kotero kuti kupanga ndikwabwino komanso kosavuta kukonza;
④Chifukwa chodzaza nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosakaniza cha asibesitosi ndi graphite, mulingo wokana kutentha ndi wapamwamba.Nthawi zambiri ma valve a steam amagwiritsa ntchito ma valve oyimitsa.
Zoyipa:
①Pamene njira yoyendetsera sing'anga kudzera mu valavu yasintha, kukana kocheperako kwa valve yoyimitsa ndikokweranso kuposa mitundu ina yambiri ya ma valve;
②Chifukwa cha kukwapula kwautali, liwiro lotsegula ndilochedwa kuposa la valve ya mpira.
5. Pulagi valve: imatanthawuza valavu yozungulira yomwe ili ndi gawo lotseka lokhala ngati plunger.Doko lolowera pa pulagi ya valavu limalumikizidwa kapena kupatulidwa ndi doko la valavu kudzera pa kasinthasintha wa 90 ° kuti muzindikire kutsegula kapena kutseka.Mawonekedwe a pulagi ya valve akhoza kukhala cylindrical kapena conical.Mfundoyi ndi yofanana ndi ya valve ya mpira.Valve ya mpira imapangidwa pamaziko a valavu ya pulagi.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri podyera mafuta, komanso makampani a petrochemical.
6. Valve yachitetezo: imatanthawuza chotengera chopondereza, zida kapena mapaipi, ngati chipangizo choteteza kupsinjika.Pamene kupanikizika kwa zipangizo, chidebe kapena payipi ikukwera pamwamba pa mtengo wovomerezeka, valavu imatseguka, ndiyeno ndalama zonse zimatulutsidwa kuti ziteteze zipangizo, chidebe kapena payipi ndi kupanikizika kuti zisapitirire kukwera;pamene kupanikizika kumatsikira pamtengo wotchulidwa, valavu iyenera Kutseka nthawi yomweyo kuti iteteze chitetezo cha zida, zotengera kapena mapaipi.
7. Msampha wa nthunzi: Madzi ena opindika adzapangidwa m'malo otumizira nthunzi, mpweya woponderezedwa, ndi zina zotero. kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho.ntchito.Ili ndi ntchito zotsatirazi: ①Imatha kuchotsa mwachangu madzi osungunuka opangidwa;②Pewani kutayikira kwa nthunzi;③Osapatula mpweya ndi mpweya wina wosasunthika.
8. Valavu yochepetsera kupanikizika: Ndi valve yomwe imachepetsa mphamvu yolowera kumalo enaake omwe amafunikira potuluka mwa kusintha, ndipo imadalira mphamvu ya sing'angayo yokha kuti ikhale yokhazikika.
9, valavu yoyang'ana: yomwe imadziwikanso kuti reverse valve, valve check, valve back pressure ndi valve yanjira imodzi.Ma valve awa amatsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa ndi mphamvu yomwe imapangidwa ndi kutuluka kwa sing'anga mu payipi, ndipo ndi ya valve yokha.Valve yowunikira imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapaipi, ndipo ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuletsa sing'anga kuyenderera mmbuyo, kuletsa mpope ndi mota yoyendetsa kuti zisabwerere, ndikutulutsa sing'anga ya chidebe.Ma valve owunika amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mapaipi a machitidwe othandizira omwe kuthamanga kwawo kumatha kukwera pamwamba pa kuthamanga kwa dongosolo.Atha kugawidwa m'mitundu yogwedezeka (yozungulira ndi pakati pa mphamvu yokoka) ndi mtundu wokweza (kusuntha mozungulira).