1. Ivalvu yesango: Ivalvu yesango ibhekisa kwivalvu enelungu layo lokuvala (isango) elihamba kwicala elithe nkqo le-channel axis. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekunqumleni i-medium kwipayipi, oko kukuthi, ivuleke ngokupheleleyo okanye ivalwe ngokupheleleyo. Ngokubanzi, ivalvu yesango ayinakusetyenziswa njengomjelo wokulungisa. Ingasetyenziswa kubushushu obuphantsi kunye noxinzelelo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwaye ingasekelwa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zevalvu. Kodwa iivalvu zesango ngokubanzi azisetyenziswa kwipayipi ezithutha udaka kunye nezinye izinto.
iingenelo:
①Ukumelana kolwelo kuncinci;
②I-torque efunekayo ekuvuleni nasekuvaleni incinci;
③Ingasetyenziswa kumbhobho wenethiwekhi yeringi apho i-medium ihamba khona kuzo zombini iindlela, oko kukuthi, indlela yokuhamba kwe-medium ayithintelwanga;
④Xa ivuliwe ngokupheleleyo, ukuguguleka komphezulu wokutywina yi-medium esebenzayo kuncinci kunokwe-stop valve;
⑤Isakhiwo somzimba silula, kwaye inkqubo yokwenziwa kwayo ingcono;
⑥Ubude besakhiwo bufutshane kakhulu.
Iingxaki:
①Ubukhulu kunye nokuphakama kokuvula kukhulu, kwaye indawo yokufaka efunekayo nayo inkulu;
②Kwinkqubo yokuvula nokuvala, umphezulu wokutywina ukhuhlwa ngabantu, kwaye ukukhuhlana kukhulu, nokuba kushushu kakhulu, kulula ukubangela ukukhuhlana;
③Ngokubanzi, iivalvu zesango zineendawo ezimbini zokutywina, nto leyo eyongeza ubunzima ekucutshungulweni, ekugayweni nasekugcinweni;
④Ixesha elide lokuvula nokuvala.
2. Ivalvu yebhabhathane: Ivalvu yebhabhathane yivalvu esebenzisa ilungu lokuvula nokuvala uhlobo lwediski ukuze ijike malunga nama-90° ukuvula, ukuvala nokulungisa umjelo wolwelo.
iingenelo:
①Isakhiwo esilula, ubungakanani obuncinci, ubunzima obuphantsi, izinto ezisetyenziswayo zonga imali, azisetyenziswa kwiivalvu ezinkulu;
②Ukuvulwa nokuvalwa ngokukhawuleza, ukumelana nokuhamba kwamanzi okuphantsi;
③Ingasetyenziselwa imidiya eneenxalenye eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa nemidiya yepowder kunye ne-granular ngokuxhomekeke kumandla omphezulu wokutywina. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuvula nokuvala okuneendlela ezimbini kunye nokulungiswa kwemibhobho yokukhupha umoya kunye nothuli, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimibhobho yegesi kunye nemijelo yamanzi kwi-metallurgy, kushishino lokukhanya, kumbane, nakwiinkqubo ze-petrochemical.
Iingxaki:
①Uluhlu lohlengahlengiso lokuhamba komoya alukho mkhulu, xa ukuvulwa kufikelele kwi-30%, ukuhamba komoya kuya kungena ngaphezulu kwe-95%;
②Ngenxa yokunciphisa ulwakhiwo lwevalvu yebhabhathane kunye nezinto zokutywina, ayifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zemibhobho enobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ubushushu obuqhelekileyo bokusebenza bungaphantsi kwama-300℃ nangaphantsi kwe-PN40;
③Ukusebenza kokutywina kubi kakhulu kuneevalvu zebhola kunye neevalvu zeglobe, ngoko ke isetyenziswa kwiindawo apho iimfuno zokutywina zingekho phezulu kakhulu.
3. Ivalvu yebhola: yavela kwivalvu yeplagi, inxalenye yayo yokuvula nokuvala yisphere, esebenzisa isphere ukujikeleza i-90° ukujikeleza i-axis yesiqu sevalvu ukufezekisa injongo yokuvula nokuvala. Ivalvu yebhola isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukusika, ukusasaza nokutshintsha indlela yokuhamba kwesixhobo esikwipayipi. Ivalvu yebhola eyenzelwe njengokuvulwa okumile njengo-V ikwanomsebenzi olungileyo wokulungisa ukuhamba.
iingenelo:
① ineyona ngxaki iphantsi yokuchasana nokugeleza kwamanzi (ngokwenene yi-0);
②Ngenxa yokuba ayizukubambeka xa isebenza (xa kungekho lubricant), ingasetyenziswa ngokuthembekileyo kwiindawo ezibolayo kunye nezinto ezibila kancinci;
③Kwinqanaba eliphezulu loxinzelelo kunye nobushushu, inokufikelela ekutywinweni okupheleleyo;
④Ingavula kwaye ivale ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ixesha lokuvula nokuvala kwezinye izakhiwo yi-0.05 ~ 0.1s kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuba ingasetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuzenzekela yebhentshi yovavanyo. Xa ivula kwaye ivala ivalvu ngokukhawuleza, ukusebenza akunampembelelo;
⑤Inxalenye yokuvala eyingqukuva ingabekwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwindawo yomda;
⑥Isixhobo sokusebenza sivalwe ngokuthembekileyo kumacala omabini;
⑦Xa ivuliwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ivaliwe ngokupheleleyo, umphezulu wokutywina webhola kunye nesihlalo sevalvu uyahlukaniswa kwi-medium, ngoko ke i-medium edlula kwivalvu ngesantya esiphezulu ayizukubangela ukuwohloka komphezulu wokutywina;
⑧ isakhiwo esincinci kunye nobunzima obuphantsi, sinokuthathwa njengesakhiwo sevalvu esifanelekileyo kwinkqubo ye-cryogenic medium;
⑨Umzimba wevalvu ulingana, ingakumbi isakhiwo somzimba wevalvu edibeneyo, esinokumelana noxinzelelo oluvela emthonjeni wepayipi;
⑩Inxalenye yokuvala inokumelana nomahluko ophezulu woxinzelelo xa ivalwa. ⑾Ivalvu yebhola enomzimba odibeneyo ngokupheleleyo inokungcwatywa ngqo emhlabeni, ukuze iindawo zangaphakathi zevalvu zingagqwali, kwaye ubomi benkonzo obuphezulu bufikelele kwiminyaka engama-30. Yeyona valve ifanelekileyo kwimibhobho yeoyile negesi yendalo.
Iingxaki:
①Ngenxa yokuba i-ring yokutywina yesihlalo esiphambili se-ball valve yi-polytetrafluoroethylene, ayisebenzi phantse kuzo zonke izinto zeekhemikhali, kwaye inomlinganiselo omncinci wokungqubana, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo, akulula ukuyiguga, uluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa kobushushu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokutywina. Iimpawu ezipheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, iipropati zomzimba ze-PTFE, kubandakanya umlinganiselo ophezulu wokwandiswa, uvakalelo lokuhamba kokubanda kunye nokuqhuba kakubi kobushushu, zifuna uyilo lwe-valve seat seals ukuze lugxile kwezi mpawu. Ke ngoko, xa izinto zokutywina ziba nzima, ukuthembeka kwe-seal kuyaphazamiseka. Ngaphezu koko, i-PTFE inomgangatho ophantsi wokuxhathisa ubushushu kwaye ingasetyenziswa kuphela ngaphantsi kwe-180°C. Ngaphezulu kobu bushushu, izinto zokutywina ziya kuhla. Xa ucinga ngokusetyenziswa ixesha elide, ngokubanzi ziya kusetyenziswa kuphela kwi-120°C.
②Ukusebenza kwayo ngendlela eyiyo kumbi kakhulu kuneevalvu zeglobe, ingakumbi iivalvu zepneumatic (okanye iivalvu zombane).
4. Ivalvu yokusika: ibhekisa kwivalvu enenxalenye yokuvala (idiski) ehamba kumgca osembindini wesihlalo sevalvu. Ngokwale ntshukumo yediski yevalvu, utshintsho lwesango lesihlalo sevalvu luhambelana nokubetha kwediski yevalvu. Ekubeni ukubetheka okanye ukuvala kwesiqu sevalvu solu hlobo lwevalvu kufutshane, kwaye kunomsebenzi wokusika othembekileyo kakhulu, kwaye ngenxa yokuba utshintsho lwesango lesihlalo sevalvu luhambelana ngqo nokubetha kwediski yevalvu, lufanelekile kakhulu ukulungiswa kokuhamba kwamanzi. Ke ngoko, olu hlobo lwevalvu lufanelekile kakhulu ekunqumleni okanye ekulawuleni nasekuthobeni.
iingenelo:
①Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvula nokuvala, ukungqubana phakathi kwediski nomphezulu wokutywina womzimba wevalvu kuncinci kunokwevalvu yesango, ngoko ke ayigugi.
②Ukuphakama kokuvula ngokubanzi yi-1/4 yendlela yesihlalo sevalvu, ngoko ke incinci kakhulu kunevalvu yesango;
③Ngokwesiqhelo kukho umphezulu omnye wokutywina emzimbeni wevalvu kunye nediski, ngoko ke inkqubo yokuvelisa ilungile kwaye kulula ukuyigcina;
④Ngenxa yokuba isizalisi sidla ngokuba ngumxube we-asbestos kunye ne-graphite, inqanaba lokumelana nobushushu liphezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo ii-valve zomphunga zisebenzisa ii-stop valves.
Iingxaki:
①Njengoko indlela yokuhamba kwesixhobo esidlula kwivalvu itshintshile, ukumelana nokuhamba kwevalvu yokumisa kuphezulu kunokwezinye iintlobo zeevalvu;
②Ngenxa yokubetha ixesha elide, isantya sokuvula sicotha kuneso sevalvu yebhola.
5. Ivalvu yeplagi: ibhekisa kwivalvu ejikelezayo enenxalenye yokuvala efana neplunger. Isango lokudlula kwiplagi yevalvu lidluliselwa okanye lahlulwe kwisango lokudlula emzimbeni wevalvu ngokujikeleza kwe-90° ukuze kuvuleke okanye kuvalwe. Imilo yeplagi yevalvu inokuba yi-cylindrical okanye i-conical. Lo mgaqo ufana kakhulu nowevalvu yebhola. Ivalvu yebhola yenziwe ngesiseko sevalvu yeplagi. Isetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwe-oyile, kodwa ikwasetyenziselwa ishishini le-petrochemical.
6. Ivalvu yokhuseleko: ibhekisa kwisitya soxinzelelo, izixhobo okanye umbhobho, njengesixhobo sokukhusela uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo. Xa uxinzelelo kwisixhobo, kwisikhongozeli okanye kumbhobho lunyuka ngaphezu kwexabiso elivumelekileyo, ivalvu iyavuleka ngokuzenzekelayo, ize emva koko inani elipheleleyo likhutshwe ukuthintela isixhobo, isitya okanye umbhobho kunye noxinzelelo ukuba luqhubeke lunyuka; xa uxinzelelo luhla luye kwixabiso elichaziweyo, ivalvu kufuneka ivale ngokuzenzekelayo ngexesha ukukhusela ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwezixhobo, izikhongozeli okanye imibhobho.
7. Umgibe womphunga: Amanye amanzi aqunyiweyo aya kwenziwa kwindawo yokuhambisa umphunga, umoya oxinzelelweyo, njl. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kakuhle nokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwesixhobo, ezi zixhobo zingenamsebenzi neziyingozi kufuneka zikhutshwe ngexesha ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa nokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo. Inemisebenzi elandelayo: ①Ingasusa ngokukhawuleza amanzi aqunyiweyo aveliswayo; ②Ithintele ukuvuza komphunga; ③Ingabandakanyi umoya kunye nezinye iigesi ezingaqunyiweyo.
8. Ivalvu yokunciphisa uxinzelelo: Yivalvu enciphisa uxinzelelo lokungena ukuya kuxinzelelo oluthile olufunekayo lokukhupha ngokulungelelanisa, kwaye ixhomekeke kumandla esixhobo ngokwaso ukugcina ngokuzenzekelayo uxinzelelo lokukhupha oluzinzileyo.
9, ivalvu yokujonga: ekwaziwa ngokuba yivalvu ebuyela umva, ivalvu yokujonga, ivalvu yoxinzelelo lwangasemva kunye nevalvu yendlela enye. Ezi valve zivulwa kwaye zivalwe ngokuzenzekelayo ngamandla aveliswa kukuhamba kwesixhobo esikwipayipi, kwaye zezevalvu ezenzekelayo. Ivalvu yokujonga isetyenziswa kwinkqubo yepayipi, kwaye umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuthintela isixhobo esibuyela umva, ukuthintela ipompo kunye nemoto yokuqhuba ukuba ingabuyeli umva, kwaye ikhulule isixhobo esikwisikhongozeli. Iivalvu zokujonga zingasetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngemibhobho yeenkqubo ezincedisayo ezinoxinzelelo olunokunyuka ngaphezu koxinzelelo lwenkqubo. Zinokwahlulwa zibe luhlobo lwe-swing (olujikelezayo lusiphakathi lomxhuzulane) kunye nohlobo lokuphakamisa (oluhamba ecaleni kwe-axis).