1. Vharuvhu yegedhi: Vharuvhu yegedhi inoreva vharuvhu ine nhengo yekuvhara (gedhi) inofamba nenzira yakatwasuka ye axis ye channel. Inonyanya kushandiswa pakucheka medium iri mupaipi, kureva kuti, yakavhurika zvizere kana yakavharwa zvizere. Kazhinji, vharuvhu yegedhi haigone kushandiswa senzira yekugadzirisa. Inogona kushandiswa pakupisa kwakaderera uye kumanikidzwa pamwe nekupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, uye inogona kushandiswa nezvinhu zvakasiyana zvevharuvhu. Asi mavharuvhu egedhi haawanzo shandiswa mumapaipi anotakura matope nezvimwe zvinhu.
zvakanakira:
①Kusakwanisa kunwa mvura kudiki;
②Torque inodiwa pakuvhura nekuvhara idiki;
③Inogona kushandiswa papipeline ye ring network apo medium inoyerera kumativi ese, kureva kuti, divi rekuyerera kwemedium harina kuganhurirwa;
④Kana yavhurwa zvizere, kuputsika kwenzvimbo yekuvhara nechinhu chinoshanda kudiki pane kwevharuvhu yekumisa;
⑤Maumbirwo emuviri ari nyore, uye maitiro ekugadzira ari nani;
⑥Kureba kwechimiro kupfupi.
Zvakashata:
①Zviyero zvese uye kukwirira kwekuvhura zvakakura, uye nzvimbo yekuisa inodiwa yakakurawo;
②Pakuvhura nekuvhara, nzvimbo yekuvhara inokweshwa nevanhu, uye kukweshwa kwakakura, kunyangwe pakupisa kwakanyanya, zviri nyore kukonzera kukweshwa;
③Kazhinji, mavharuvhu egedhi ane nzvimbo mbiri dzekuvhara, izvo zvinowedzera matambudziko pakugadzirisa, kukuya uye kugadzirisa;
④Nguva refu yekuvhura nekuvhara.
2. Vharuvhu reshavishavi: Vharuvhu reshavishavi ivharuvhu rinoshandisa chikamu chekuvhura nekuvhara chedhisiki kuti ridzorere padanho re90° kuti rivhure, rivhare uye rigadzirise nzira yemvura.
zvakanakira:
①Chimiro chiri nyore, saizi diki, huremu hwakareruka, zvinochengetedza zvinodyiwa, hazvishandiswe mumavharuvhu ane dhayamita hombe;
②Kuvhura nekuvharika nekukurumidza, kuramba kuyerera kwakaderera;
③Inogona kushandiswa pamidziyo ine zvidimbu zvakasimba zvakasungirirwa, uye inogona zvakare kushandiswa pamidziyo yeupfu negranular zvichienderana nesimba renzvimbo yekuvharira. Inogona kushandiswa pakuvhura nekuvhara uye kugadzirisa mapaipi emhepo nekubvisa guruva, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumapaipi egasi nemunzira dzemvura mukugadzira simbi, indasitiri yemwenje, simba remagetsi, uye masisitimu epetrochemical.
Zvakashata:
①Kuchinja kwemvura hakukure, kana kuvhurika kwasvika 30%, mvura inoyerera inopinda inopfuura 95%;
②Nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwechimiro chevharuvhu remashavishavi nechinhu chinovhara, harina kukodzera kushandiswa mumapombi ekupisa kwakanyanya uye ane kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya. Tembiricha yekushanda iri pasi pe300℃ uye pasi pePN40;
③Kushanda kwesealation kwakaipa kupfuura kwemabhora emavharuvhu nemavharuvhu eglobe, saka inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzisina zvinodiwa zvesealation zvakanyanya.
3. Vharuvhu yebhora: yakagadzirwa kubva pavharuvhu yeplug, chikamu chayo chekuvhura nekuvhara ibhora, iyo inoshandisa bhora kutenderera 90° kutenderedza axis ye stem yevharuvhu kuti ibudirire chinangwa chekuvhura nekuvhara. Vharuvhu yebhora inonyanya kushandiswa pakucheka, kugovera nekushandura mafambiro enzira yepakati iri mupaipi. Vharuvhu yebhora yakagadzirwa sevhuruvhu rakaita seV inewo basa rakanaka rekugadzirisa kuyerera.
zvakanakira:
①ine kuramba kuyerera kwakaderera (chaizvoizvo 0);
②Nekuti haizonami painoshanda (kana pasina mafuta anozorwa), inogona kushandiswa zvakavimbika muzvinhu zvinopisa uye zvinwiwa zvinofashaira zvishoma;
③Mukumanikidzwa kukuru uye tembiricha, inogona kuzadzisa chisimbiso chakakwana;
④Inogona kuvhura nekuvharika nekukurumidza, uye nguva yekuvhura nekuvharika kwezvimwe zvivako ingori 0.05 ~ 0.1s chete kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inogona kushandiswa musystem ye automation yebhenji rekuyedza. Pakuvhura nekuvharika vharuvhu nekukurumidza, mashandiro acho haana mhedzisiro;
⑤Chidimbu chekuvhara chakatenderera chinogona kuiswa otomatiki panzvimbo yemuganhu;
⑥Nzvimbo inoshanda yakavharwa zvakanaka kumativi ese ari maviri;
⑦Kana zvanyatsovhurwa uye zvakavharwa, nzvimbo yekuvharira yebhora nechigaro chevharuvhu inoparadzaniswa nepakati, saka nzvimbo inopfuura nepakati pevharuvhu nekumhanya kukuru haizokonzere kuputsika kwenzvimbo yekuvharira;
⑧ ine chimiro chidiki uye huremu hwakareruka, inogona kutariswa sechimiro chevharuvhu chakakodzera kwazvo che cryogenic medium system;
⑨Muviri wevharuvhu wakaenzana, kunyanya chimiro chemuviri wevharuvhu chakasungirirwa, chinogona kutsungirira kushushikana kubva mutsime repaipi;
⑩Chidimbu chekuvhara chinogona kumira musiyano wekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kana chavharwa. ⑾Vharuvhu yebhora ine muviri wakabatanidzwa zvizere inogona kuvigwa zvakananga muvhu, kuitira kuti zvikamu zvemukati zvevharuvhu zvisasvibiswe, uye hupenyu hwepamusoro hwebasa hugone kusvika makore makumi matatu. Ndiyo vharuvhu yakanakira mapaipi emafuta negasi rechisikigo.
Zvakashata:
①Nekuti mhete huru yekuvharira chigaro chevharuvhu yebhora iri polytetrafluoroethylene, haina simba kune chero makemikari, uye ine diki diki yekukweshana, kushanda kwakasimba, haisi nyore kukwegura, tembiricha yakawanda inoshandiswa uye kushanda kwakanaka kwekuvharira. Hunhu hwakazara. Zvisinei, hunhu hwePTFE, kusanganisira kuwedzera kwakanyanya, kunzwa kwekuyerera kwechando uye kushaya simba kwekupisa, zvinoda dhizaini yezvisimbiso zvevharuvhu kuti zvitarise pane izvi. Naizvozvo, kana chisimbiso chakaoma, kuvimbika kwechisimbiso kunokanganiswa. Uyezve, PTFE ine giredhi rekudzivirira tembiricha yakaderera uye inogona kushandiswa chete pasingasviki 180°C. Pamusoro petembiricha iyi, chisimbiso chichaora. Kana uchifunga nezvekushandiswa kwenguva refu, inowanzo shandiswa pa120°C chete.
②Kushanda kwayo kwakashata kupfuura kwemavharuvhu epasi rose, kunyanya mavharuvhu emhepo (kana mavharuvhu emagetsi).
4. Vharuvhu yekucheka: inoreva vharuvhu ine chikamu chekuvhara (disc) chinofamba nepakati pechigaro chevharuvhu. Zvichienderana nekufamba uku kwedhisiki yevharuvhu, shanduko yechiteshi chevharuvhu inoenderana nekurohwa kwedhisiki yevharuvhu. Sezvo kuvhurwa kana kuvharwa kwechikamu chevharuvhu cherudzi urwu rwevharuvhu kuri kupfupi, uye ine basa rekucheka rakavimbika, uye nekuti shanduko yechiteshi chechigaro chevharuvhu inoenderana zvakananga nekurohwa kwedhisiki yevharuvhu, yakakodzera kwazvo kugadzirisa kuyerera kwemvura. Saka, rudzi urwu rwevharuvhu rwakakodzera kwazvo kukucheka kana kudzora uye kudzora.
zvakanakira:
①Panguva yekuvhura nekuvhara, kukweshana kuri pakati pedhisiki nepamusoro pekuvhara kwemuviri wevharuvhu kudiki pane kwevharuvhu yegedhi, saka haipfeki.
②Kureba kwekuvhura kazhinji kacho ihafu yechikamu chechikamu chechikamu chechigaro chevharuvhu, saka idiki zvikuru pane vharuvhu yegedhi;
③Kazhinji pane nzvimbo imwe chete yekuvharira pamusoro pemuviri wevharuvhu nedhisiki, saka maitiro ekugadzira akanaka uye ari nyore kuchengetedza;
④Nekuti chiputiriso chinowanzova musanganiswa weasbestos negraphite, mwero wekudzivirira tembiricha wakakwira. Kazhinji mavharuvhu emhepo anoshandisa mavharuvhu ekumisa.
Zvakashata:
①Sezvo nzira yekuyerera kwechinhu chinopinda nepavharuvhu yachinja, kuramba kuyerera kwevharuvhu yekumira kwakakwirawo kupfuura kwemamwe marudzi mazhinji emavharuvhu;
②Nekuda kwekureba kwekurova, kumhanya kwekuvhura kunononoka kupfuura kwevharuvhu yebhora.
5. Vharuvhu yekuisa chivharo: zvinoreva vharuvhu inotenderera ine chikamu chekuvhara chakaita seplunger. Chivharo chekuisa chivharo chiri pavharuvhu chinofambiswa kana kuparadzaniswa nechiteshi chekuisa chivharo chiri mumuviri wevharuvhu kuburikidza nekutenderera kwe90° kuti chivhurike kana kuvhara. Chimiro chevharuvhu chinogona kunge chakatenderera kana kuti chakaita sedenderedzwa. Nheyo yacho yakafanana neyevharuvhu yebhora. Vharuvhu yebhora inogadzirwa zvichibva pavharuvhu yekuisa chivharo. Inonyanya kushandiswa pakushandisa mafuta, asiwo kumaindasitiri emafuta.
6. Vharuvhu yekuchengetedza: inoreva mudziyo wekumanikidza, michina kana mapaipi, semudziyo wekudzivirira kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya. Kana kumanikidzwa kuri mumudziyo, mudziyo kana mapaipi kwakwira pamusoro pemutengo unobvumirwa, vharuvhu rinovhurwa otomatiki, uye huwandu hwakazara hunoburitswa kudzivirira michina, mudziyo kana mapaipi nekumanikidzwa kuti zvisarambe zvichikwira; kana kumanikidzwa kwadzikira kusvika pamutengo wakatarwa, vharuvhu rinofanira kuvhara otomatiki nenguva kuchengetedza kushanda kwakachengeteka kwemidziyo, makontena kana mapaipi.
7. Musungo wemhepo: Mamwe mvura yakasanganiswa ichagadzirwa nenzira yekufambisa mweya, mhepo yakamanikidzwa, nezvimwewo. Kuti chishandiso chishande zvakanaka uye chishande zvakachengeteka, zvinhu izvi zvisina basa uye zvinokuvadza zvinofanira kuburitswa nenguva kuti chishandiso chishandise uye chishandise. Chine mabasa anotevera: ①Chinogona kubvisa mvura yakasanganiswa inogadzirwa nekukurumidza; ②Kudzivirira kubuda kwemhepo; ③Kubvisa mhepo nemamwe magasi asinganyungudike.
8. Vharuvhu inoderedza kumanikidzwa: Ivharuvhu inoderedza kumanikidzwa kwekupinda kusvika pakumanikidzwa kwakati kwaidiwa kuburikidza nekugadzirisa, uye inovimba nesimba rechinhu chacho kuti chirambe chichienderera mberi nekumanikidzwa kwakati kwakasimba.
9, vharuvhu rekutarisa: rinozivikanwawo sevharuvhu rekudzoka, vharuvhu rekutarisa, vharuvhu rekumanikidza kumashure uye vharuvhu renzira imwe chete. Mavharuvhu aya anovhurwa nekuvharwa otomatiki nesimba rinogadzirwa nekuyerera kwenzvimbo iri mupaipi, uye ndeevharuvhu rinozviitikira. Vharuvhu rekutarisa rinoshandiswa muhurongwa hwepaipi, uye basa rayo guru nderekudzivirira nzvimbo kuti isayerere shure, kudzivirira pombi nemota yekutyaira kuti isadzokere shure, uye kuburitsa nzvimbo yemuchina. Mavharuvhu ekutarisa anogonawo kushandiswa kupa mapaipi emasisitimu ekubatsira ayo kumanikidzwa kunogona kukwira pamusoro pekumanikidzwa kwehurongwa. Anogona kukamurwa kuita mhando yeswing (inotenderera nepakati pegiravhiti) uye mhando yekusimudzira (inofamba nepakati peaxis).